Cochrane · systematic review · CD004265

Hand‐washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea

Ejemot-Nwadiaro, RI, Ehiri, JE, Arikpo, D, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2021 · Cochrane Library

Infectious Diseases2 versionsAMSTAR 2: not assessed

SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.

Questions

current version

GRADE rated

No studies

Included studies

No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 3 · 75%High 1 · 25%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Questions and results

Current version only

Summary of findings table 1

Population: children

CD004265.PUB4 (current) · 1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Episodes of diarrhoea	IRR 0.7 [0.58, 0.85]	9 studies · 4664 participants	High

Summary of findings table 2

Population: children up to 15 years of age

CD004265.PUB4 (current) · 1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Episodes of diarrhoea: rate ratios	rate ratio 0.71 [0.62, 0.81]	9 studies · 15950 participants	Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness

Summary of findings table 3

Population: adults with AIDS

CD004265.PUB4 (current) · 2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Episodes of diarrhoea	Mean difference 1.68	1 study · 148 participants	Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias
Hand‐washing behavioural changes/changes in knowledge, attitude and practice	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias

Summary of findings table 1

Population: Children

CD004265.PUB3 · 2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Episodes of diarrhoea	Rate ratio 0.7 [0.58, 0.85]	9 studies · 4664 participants	High
Hand washing behaviour	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1845 participants	Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness

Summary of findings table 2

Population: Children

CD004265.PUB3 · 2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Episodes of diarrhoea	Rate ratio 0.72 [0.62, 0.83]	8 studies · 14726 participants	Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness
Hand washing behavioural changes/changes in knowledge, attitude and practice	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 3490 participants	High

Summary of findings table 3

Population: Patients at risk of diarrhoea

CD004265.PUB3 · 2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Episodes Self‐reports collected through home visits; hospital/health centre/clinic records including admission for diarrhoea‐related dehydration	Mean difference 1.68 [1.43, 1.93]	1 study · 148 participants	Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias
Hand washing behavioural changes/changes in knowledge, attitude and practice Frequency of hand washing per day	no estimate extracted	1 study · 148 participants	Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias