Cochrane · intervention · CD004153

Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2004 · Cochrane Library

Oral Health Dental caries2 versionsAMSTAR 2: not assessed

Full textEvery question was extracted from the full review (methods and results), not only its Summary of Findings table.

Questions

current version

GRADE rated

No studies

Included studies

as reported

No studies 4 · 57.1%Ungraded 3 · 42.9%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Review question

Element	Planned (methods)	Found (results)
Population	People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth surface accessible to the intervention	137 participants with 432 lesions from three studies (n=3 studies); Abu-Naba'a 2003 main: 90 participants, 258 primary occlusal pit and fissure lesions, aged over 12 (n=1); Abu-Naba'a 2003pilot: 8 participants, 38 pit and fissure lesions (n=1); Baysan 2003: 39 participants, primary root carious lesions, mean age 65 (n=1)
Intervention	Ozone, either alone or in combination with health promotion/oral hygiene plus conventional therapy (when appropriate)	Ozone 10 seconds at 2100 ppm falling to 630 ppm (n=129 lesions); Ozone 40 seconds (n=19 lesions); Ozone 10 seconds on root lesions (n=68 lesions); all with fluoride reductant and oral hygiene
Comparison	No ozone/placebo, in combination with health promotion/oral hygiene plus conventional therapy (as in the intervention group)	No ozone, with fluoride reductant and oral hygiene (n=432 lesions across three studies)
Outcomes	Progression/regression of caries in unrestored cases (assessed clinically or by any recognised method) or progression/regression of secondary caries in restored cases (assessed radiographically against baseline radiograph, pain, failure of restoration or any other method); Further conventional dental treatment (filling and drilling) (binary yes/no); Time to intervention; Pain (assessed by the patient); Cost; Adverse events; Patient satisfaction	Caries progression/regression by clinical severity index, log(e) ECM and log(e) DIAGNOdent scores (n=3); additional clinical indices in the pilot study (visual, colour, cavitation, hardness, perceived treatment need); Adverse events (n=1); Patient satisfaction/anxiety (n=1)
Study designs	Randomised controlled trials with a follow up of at least 6 months; split-mouth studies appropriate for inclusion; masked outcome assessment originally intended but a post-hoc decision was made not to exclude on this basis	Three included RCTs (split-mouth), all judged at high risk of bias; analyses conducted at the lesion level (not independent of the person), so data were not pooled
Timing	Follow up of at least 6 months	6 and 12 months (Abu-Naba'a 2003 main to 12 months; pilot and Baysan 2003 to 6 months)

Search date: 2003-11. Databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; AMED; Google

Questions and results

Current version only

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

Population: People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth surface accessible to the intervention

CD004153.PUB2 (current) · 7 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Cost same question in other reviews	No data were provided in any of the included trials on costs.	NR	No studies
Adverse events To 6 months same question in other reviews	Baysan 2003 stated that no adverse events were reported to 6 months; no information was provided by Abu-Naba'a 2003 or Abu-Naba'a 2003pilot.	1 study	Ungraded
Patient satisfaction same question in other reviews	Abu-Naba'a 2003 reported participants' state of anxiety, comparing ozone treatment with traditional dental interventions (injection, drilling, filling); because no participant was randomised between ozone and drilling…	1 study	Ungraded
Further conventional dental treatment (filling and drilling) (binary yes/no) same question in other reviews	Data were not provided by any study on the number of lesions requiring restorations to 6 months or later; no data on any further conventional treatment or other dental interventions.	NR	No studies
Caries progression/regression (clinical severity index, log(e) ECM and log(e) DIAGNOdent scores) 6 and 12 months same question in other reviews	No consistent trend of benefit or harm following ozone was seen across the outcome measures in any of the three studies; analyses were conducted at the lesion level (not independent of the person), so data were not…	3 studies · 137 participants	Ungraded
Pain (assessed by the patient) same question in other reviews	No data were provided in any of the included trials on pain.	NR	No studies
Time to intervention same question in other reviews	No data were provided in any of the included trials on time to intervention.	NR	No studies

Ozone, either alone or in combination with health promotion/oral hygiene plus conventional therapy (when appropriate) vs No ozone/placebo, in combination with health promotion/oral hygiene plus conventional therapy (as in the intervention group)

Population: People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth surface accessible to the intervention

CD004153 · 7 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Progression/regression of caries in unrestored cases, or progression/regression of secondary caries in restored cases (assessed clinically, radiographically or by any recognised method) At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Patient satisfaction At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Time to intervention At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Cost At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Adverse events At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Further conventional dental treatment (filling and drilling) (binary yes/no) At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pain (assessed by the patient) At least 6 months	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies