Cochrane · systematic review · CD004022
Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride
Graudal, NA, Hubeck-Graudal, T, Jurgens, G · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
20
current version
GRADE rated
20
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 6 · 30%Moderate 3 · 15%High 11 · 55%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlySummary of findings: Low sodium intake compared with high sodium intake for blood pressure in white participants
Population: White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
White population, normotensive, SBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 95 studies · 5982 participants | High |
White population, normotensive, DBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 96 studies · 6276 participants | High |
White population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 88 studies · 3998 participants | High |
White population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 89 studies · 4032 participants | High |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake compared with high sodium intake for blood pressure in black participants
Population: Black population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Black population, normotensive, SBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 253 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Black population, normotensive, DBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 253 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Black population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 398 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Black population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 398 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake compared with high sodium intake for blood pressure in Asian participants
Population: Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Asian population, normotensive, SBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 950 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Asian population, normotensive, DBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 950 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Asian population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 254 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Asian population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 254 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake compared with high sodium intake for hormones
Population: Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Renin ng/ml/hour Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 91 studies · 2904 participants | High |
Aldosterone pg/mL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 70 studies · 2506 participants | High |
Noradrenaline pg/mL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 38 studies · 878 participants | High |
Adrenaline pg/mL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 331 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake compared with high sodium intake for lipids
Population: Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Cholesterol mg/dL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 28 studies · 917 participants | High |
Trigyceride mg/dL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 712 participants | High |
High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) mg/dL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 738 participants | High |
Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) mg/dL Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 696 participants | High |
Comparison
Population: White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
White population, normotensive, SBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 89 studies · 8569 participants | High |
White population, normotensive, DBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 90 studies · 8833 participants | High |
White population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 84 studies · 5925 participants | High |
White population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 85 studies · 6001 participants | High |
Comparison
Population: Black population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Black population, normotensive, SBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 506 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Black population, normotensive, DBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 506 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Black population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 619 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Black population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 619 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Comparison
Population: Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Asian population, normotensive, SBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 393 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Asian population, normotensive, DBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 393 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Asian population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 501 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Asian population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 501 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Comparison
Population: Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Renin SMD | no estimate extracted | 88 studies · 5498 participants | High |
Aldosterone pg/mL | no estimate extracted | 65 studies · 4884 participants | High |
Noradrenaline pg/mL | no estimate extracted | 36 studies · 1736 participants | High |
Adrenaline pg/mL | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 662 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Comparison
Population: Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Cholesterol mg/dL | no estimate extracted | 27 studies · 1800 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Trigyceride mg/dL | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 1390 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) mg/dL | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 1442 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) mg/dL | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 1358 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |