Cochrane · systematic review · CD001533
Corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children
Hahn, D, Samuel, SM, Willis, NS, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
15
current version
GRADE rated
15
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 5 · 33.3%Moderate 8 · 53.3%High 2 · 13.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlySteroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more versus 2 months of therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children
Population: children with nephrotic syndrome
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 0.86 [0.71, 1.06] | 8 studies · 976 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Number of children relapsing by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 0.77 [0.63, 0.95] | 12 studies · 1309 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months stratified by risk of selection bias: Low risk of selection bias Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 0.99 [0.82, 1.19] | 4 studies · 585 participants | High |
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months stratified by risk of selection bias: Unclear or high risk of bias for allocation bias Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 0.45 [0.26, 0.77] | 3 studies · 220 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: psychological disorders Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 1 [0.53, 1.9] | 4 studies · 456 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: hypertension Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 1.78 [0.55, 5.73] | 7 studies · 548 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: Cushing's syndrome Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy | RR 1.12 [0.76, 1.65] | 5 studies · 547 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months versus three months for nephrotic syndrome in children
Population: children with nephrotic syndrome
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.73 [0.49, 1.09] | 6 studies · 706 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Number of children relapsing by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.85] | 7 studies · 762 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Subgroup analysis by risk of bias for number with frequent relapses: low risk of selection bias Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.99 [0.74, 1.33] | 3 studies · 376 participants | High |
Subgroup analysis by risk of bias for number with frequent relapses: Unclear or high risk of selection bias Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.48 [0.32, 0.72] | 3 studies · 330 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: hypertension Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 1.11 [0.71, 1.74] | 6 studies · 752 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: eye complications Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.46 [0.18, 1.17] | 5 studies · 614 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: Cushingoid appearance Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.23] | 6 studies · 762 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: psychological disorders Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months | RR 0.3 [0.05, 1.83] | 4 studies · 505 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more versus two months for nephrotic syndrome in children
Population: patients with nephrotic syndrome in children
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 0.68 [0.47, 1] | 6 studies · 582 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Number of children relapsing by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 0.8 [0.64, 1] | 8 studies · 741 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months stratified by risk of bias for allocation concealment: low risk of bias for allocation concealment Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 0.92 [0.69, 1.23] | 3 studies · 362 participants | High |
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months stratified by risk of bias for allocation concealment: unclear or high risk of bias for allocation bias Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 0.45 [0.26, 0.77] | 3 studies · 220 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse events: psychological disorders Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 2.18 [0.43, 11.13] | 3 studies · 233 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse events: hypertension Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 1.79 [0.47, 6.86] | 6 studies · 456 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse events: eye complications Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: three months of more vs two months | RR 0.32 [0.07, 1.42] | 5 studies · 400 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months versus three months for nephrotic syndrome in children
Population: patients with nephrotic syndrome in children
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number with frequent relapses by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 0.78 [0.5, 1.22] | 5 studies · 591 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Number of children relapsing by 12 to 24 months Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.85] | 7 studies · 763 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Subgroup analysis by risk of bias for number with frequent relapses: low risk of bias for allocation concealment Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 1 [0.74, 1.34] | 3 studies · 377 participants | High |
Subgroup analysis by risk of bias for number with frequent relapses: Unclear or high risk of bias for allocation concealment Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 0.36 [0.18, 0.72] | 2 studies · 214 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: hypertension Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 1.37 [0.91, 2.05] | 5 studies · 636 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: eye complications Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 0.46 [0.18, 1.17] | 5 studies · 614 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: cushingoid appearance Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 0.92 [0.62, 1.36] | 5 studies · 646 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events: psychological disorders Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five or six months vs three months | RR 0.38 [0.03, 4.39] | 3 studies · 389 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |