Adverse events ‐ weight loss · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at… compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death (any cause) · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cardiovascular events · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Body‐mass index (BMI) · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Waist circumference · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Proteinuria · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Systolic blood pressure · people with CKD who are overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Cure rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Improvement rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cure rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Improvement rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Prevalence of weekly UI (all UI type) · adults with urinary incontinence
It is very uncertain whether lifestyle weight loss changes prevalence of weekly UI (all UI types) compared with metformin weight loss (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cure rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Improvement rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence
Weight loss may leads to higher improvement rates by patient observation (all UI types) compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review