Maternal outcomes · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Low cord pH · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position probably leads to lower low cord pH compared with recumbent position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether upright position changes admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with recumbent position (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position leads to higher operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) compared with recumbent position (sensitivity analyses ‐ studies at low risk of… (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position leads to higher caesarean section compared with recumbent position (sensitivity analyses ‐ studies at low risk of… (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with recumbent position (sensitivity analyses ‐ studies at low risk of… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Duration of second stage (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Trauma to birth canal requiring suturing · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position showed no clear difference in trauma to birth canal requiring suturing compared with recumbent position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss (greater than 500 mL) (trial authors defined it as PPH requiring blood transfusion) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position showed no clear difference in blood loss (greater than 500 mL) (trial authors defined it as PPH… compared with recumbent position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infant outcomes · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether upright position changes abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention compared with recumbent position (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of second stage (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Mode of birth: assisted birth · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright probably leads to lower mode of birth: assisted birth compared with supine position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright showed no clear difference in mode of birth: caesarean section compared with supine position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright showed no clear difference in trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: second degree… compared with supine position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: third/fourth degree tears · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether any upright changes trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: third/fourth… compared with supine position (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss > 500 mL · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright probably leads to higher blood loss > 500 mL compared with supine position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with supine position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review