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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

67 questions · 67 findings · 3 reviews · Injuries

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No studies found 5 · 7.5%GRADE not reported 2 · 3%Very low 16 · 23.9%Low 36 · 53.7%Moderate 8 · 11.9%High 0 · 0%

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Re‐operation due to bleeding (7 days post‐surgery) ‐ not reported · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of myocardial infarction (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Stroke · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of cerebrovascular accident/stroke (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Deep vein thrombosis · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of deep vein thrombosis (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid may leads to lower risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in risk of myocardial infarction (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Deep vein thrombosis · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether intravenous tranexamic acid changes risk of deep vein thrombosis (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether intravenous tranexamic acid changes risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review