What do systematic reviews say?

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse/unintended effects addressed narratively: 10 of 34 studies investigated or reported negative unintended or adverse effects (e.g. difficulty with the electric or 3-headed toothbrushes, being frightened by the…
  10 studies
  GRADE not reported

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies measured dental caries levels. One RCT (Shaw 1991, Comparison 5) assessed DMFT at baseline only and did not report caries at any later time point.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies measured quality of life changes or long-term, patient-centred outcomes as formal outcomes; some studies commented on quality of life only in the discussion or conclusion sections.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed adverse effects of the intervention.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Oral hygiene care training of carers showed no clear difference in plaque (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  MD -0.07 [-0.26, 0.13]
  2 studies · 99 participants
  Low

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene care training of carers changes behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy of carers (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  MD 0.15 [-0.80, 1.10]
  2 studies · 189 participants
  Very low

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Oral hygiene care training of carers may leads to higher oral health knowledge of carers (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  MD 0.69 [0.31, 1.06]
  2 studies · 189 participants
  Low

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Oral hygiene care training of carers showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  MD -0.09 [-0.63, 0.45]
  2 studies · 99 participants
  Low

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes plaque (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD -0.47 [-0.92, -0.02]
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Long term (>12 months)
  Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (steps achieved in a toothbrushing routine), 100 days to 19 months; 59 participants (4 NRS); Very Low. Results not in a format for meta-analysis: 3 NRS (56 participants) reported…
  4 studies · 59 participants
  Very low

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes gingival inflammation (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD -0.28 [-0.90, 0.34]
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Schou 1989 (114 residents, unclear risk of bias): no difference in the prevalence of denture stomatitis between the groups.
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study (Schou 1989), at unclear risk of bias and analysing 114 residents, provided insufficient evidence to determine whether denture plaque scores are lower when educating residents or nursing staff without…
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Schou 1989 (114 residents, unclear risk of bias): the number of residents reporting correct denture cleaning habits increased, but not significantly compared to baseline (baseline N = 28; follow-up N = 38).
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

Educational intervention with information and practical components… showed no clear difference in denture plaque compared with (Optimised) usual care (low certainty).

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 to 60 months
  SMD -0.60 [-1.25, 0.05]
  5 studies · 816 participants
  Low

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 18 months
  SoF: Caries/root caries (follow-up 6 to 18 months). No meta-analysis. 178 participants (2 RCTs); low quality. Comment: 2 studies at unclear (Frenkel 2001) or high risk of bias (Mojon 1998) showed no apparent…
  2 studies · 178 participants
  Low

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

Educational intervention with information and practical components… showed no clear difference in nutritional status compared with (Optimised) usual care; GRADE not reported.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  OR 1.0 [0.3, 3.1]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

Educational intervention with information and practical components… showed no clear difference in oral health-related attitude of nursing staff compared with (Optimised) usual care; GRADE not reported.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SMD 0.30 [-0.23, 0.83]
  2 studies · 459 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

Educational intervention with information and practical components… showed no clear difference in oral health-related knowledge of nursing staff compared with (Optimised) usual care; GRADE not reported.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SMD 0.94 [-0.04, 1.92]
  2 studies · 453 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed incidence of respiratory diseases or pneumonia.
  0 studies
  No studies found