Therapeutic community probably leads to lower re‐arrests compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
Therapeutic community probably leads to lower re‐incarceration compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
Therapeutic community probably leads to lower return to prison (recidivism) post parole compared with waiting list control (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes incarcerated for drug offences at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes marijuana use at 6 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes heroin use at 6 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes crack use at 6 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes crack use at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
Therapeutic community showed no clear difference in cocaine use at 6 months compared with work release (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes cocaine use at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
Therapeutic community and aftercare showed no clear difference in self‐reported drug use compared with cognitive behavioural skills (low certainty).
Therapeutic community and aftercare showed no clear difference in re‐arrest for any type of crime compared with cognitive behavioural skills (low certainty).
Therapeutic community and aftercare showed no clear difference in criminal Activity compared with cognitive behavioural skills (low certainty).
Therapeutic community and aftercare showed no clear difference in drug‐related crime compared with cognitive behavioural skills (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested for any crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes criminal activity at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes drug‐related crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested (not parole violation) at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes self‐reported drug use at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies showed no clear difference in reincarcerated at 12 months after parole compared with prison therapeutic community (low certainty).