Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

9 questions · 9 findings · 3 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 5 · 55.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 11.1%Low 2 · 22.2%Moderate 1 · 11.1%High 0 · 0%

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Silver alloyed catheter vs silicone catheter

urinary tract infections Bacterial biofilm on the surfaces of catheters. UTI was defined as uropathogenic colonisation of urinary catheter. · patients with long‐term bladder drainage in adults

Silver alloyed catheter showed no clear difference in urinary tract infections Bacterial biofilm on the surfaces of… compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review