Summary of findings table 6: Willow bark extract vs placeboPain VAS Scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted261 participantsModerate
Summary of findings table 6: Willow bark extract vs rofecoxibArhus Index Scale 0‐130 Pain VAS Scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted228 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table 8: Comfrey root extract vs placeboPain VAS sum (decrease) on active standardized movement (mm) · patients with acute lower and upper back pain1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted120 participantsLow
Summary of findings table 4: H. procumbens vs placeboArhus pain index scale 0‐130 · patients with chronic back pain1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted315 participantsLow
Summary of findings table 10: Spiroflor SRL vs CCCPain VAS 0‐100 scale · patients with acute and chronic LBP1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted161 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table 5: H. procumbens extract vs Vioxx®Modified Arhus Index Scale 0‐120 · patients with chronic LBP1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted88 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table 3: Topical capsaicin cream vs placeboPain evaluation on a 10 cm linear scale · patients with acute mechanical LBP1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted40 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table 1: Brazilian arnica extract vs placeboPain reduction based on Pain VAS instrument 0‐100 scale · patients with back pain1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted20 participantsVery low
Summary of findings table 2: Topical capsaicin cream or plaster vs placeboPain perception according to the Pain VAS scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP or soft tissue pain1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted755 participantsModerate
Summary of findings table 9: Lavender oil acupressure massage and acupoint stimulation vs usual carePain VAS 0‐10 scale · patients with acute LBP1 finding from 1 reviewHerbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted61 participantsVery low