Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboPain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsModerate
Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboDisability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsModerate
Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboQoL · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsModerate
Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboGlobal assessment of efficacy ≥ 50% improvement in pain Medium‐term · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboWithdrawals due to adverse events · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsVery low
Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboAdverse eventsc · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsVery low
Spinal cord stimulation vs placeboSerious adverse eventsd · adults with low back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsVery low