Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

34 questions · 34 findings · 5 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3 · 8.8%GRADE not reported 4 · 11.8%Very low 7 · 20.6%Low 11 · 32.4%Moderate 9 · 26.5%High 0 · 0%

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Severe perineal/vaginal trauma · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective may leads to lower severe perineal/vaginal trauma compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Perineal infection · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in perineal infection compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

It is very uncertain whether selective changes women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist vs no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery

Perinatal death or severe morbidity · women with fetal distress for whom the decision had been made to delivery by emergency caesarean section

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist vs no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery

Fetal or neonatal mortality · women with fetal distress for whom the decision had been made to delivery by emergency caesarean section

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in fetal or neonatal mortality compared with no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist vs no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women with fetal distress for whom the decision had been made to delivery by emergency caesarean section

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in 5‐minute Apgar score < 7 compared with no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist vs no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery

Abnormal FHR as defined by trial authors (FHR tracing not improved) · women with fetal distress for whom the decision had been made to delivery by emergency caesarean section

Summary of findings for selective ß2‐adrenergic agonist probably leads to lower abnormal FHR as defined by trial authors (FHR tracing not improved) compared with no tocolytic agent, whilst awaiting emergency delivery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vs selective blood transfusion

Severe maternal morbidity (congestive cardiac failure) · patients with sickle cell disease in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic changes severe maternal morbidity (congestive cardiac failure) compared with selective blood transfusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review