Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

303 questions · 322 findings · 45 reviews

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No studies found 31 · 9.6%GRADE not reported 22 · 6.8%Very low 99 · 30.7%Low 95 · 29.5%Moderate 68 · 21.1%High 7 · 2.2%

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Severe perineal/vaginal trauma · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective may leads to lower severe perineal/vaginal trauma compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.52, 0.94]
8 studies · 5375 participants
Low

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Blood loss at delivery · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 336 participants
Very low

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 501 participants
Moderate

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Perineal infection · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in perineal infection compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.45, 1.82]
3 studies · 1467 participants
Low

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

It is very uncertain whether selective changes women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.48, 1.05]
1 study · 165 participants
Very low

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.84, 1.53]
3 studies · 1107 participants
Moderate

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.67, 1.44]
3 studies · 1107 participants
Low

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Function: mean change in pain with movement from baseline on4‐point (0 to 3, 0 best function) Likert scale · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Global assessment of treatment success · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Health‐related quality of life (mental) · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Withdrawals due to adverse events · acute gout

Non‐selective NSAIDs probably leads to higher withdrawals due to adverse events compared with selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.34 [1.33, 4.14]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Total adverse events · acute gout

Non‐selective NSAIDs probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.94 [1.36, 2.78]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Swelling (mean) · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Return to work · Patients with acute low‐back pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Change in pain intensity from baseline on VAS (0 to 100) short‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 437 participants
Low

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Disability ODI (0 to 50; lower = better) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 437 participants
Moderate

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Proportion of participants experiencing global improvement % of dichotomized Likert scale · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 333 participants
Low

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether selective COX‐2 inhibitors changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse events compared with non‐selective NSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.63, 1.5]
2 studies · 444 participants
Very low

Superselective neck dissection vs Elective selective neck dissection

Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity cancer (tongue or floor of mouth) and clinically negative neck nodes

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
36 months
Disease-free survival: Pandey 2018 reported 83% (superselective) vs 91% (selective) at median 36 months, not significant (P=0.69); unable to analyse (variable follow-up); 32 participants (1 RCT).
1 study · 32 participants
Very low