What do systematic reviews say?

Physiotherapy modalities (physiotherapy, short-wave diathermy, ultrasound)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The review noted the noticeable absence of evidence for physiotherapy, short-wave diathermy and ultrasound; no eligible RCT evaluated these (Discussion).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  Electric vs manual toothbrush. Assorted gingival indices scale 0-4, 2-4 weeks; 252 participants (4 RCTs); Low. Four studies showed no significant differences for gingival inflammation short term; data could not be…
  4 studies · 252 participants
  Low

Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs Conventional toothpaste

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs conventional toothpaste, children with Down syndrome. Ainamo & Bay Gingival Bleeding Index, mean 10 days; percent mean difference 18 (intervention) vs 8 (control), P<0.001…
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs Conventional toothpaste

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  Simplified Green & Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (plaque), mean 10 days; percent mean difference 65 (intervention) vs 15 (control), P<0.0001 favouring the disclosing-agent toothpaste; 40 participants (SoF states 80,…
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes plaque (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD -0.47 [-0.92, -0.02]
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes plaque (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD 0.20 [-0.45, 0.85]
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD -0.10 [-0.77, 0.57]
  1 study · 25 participants
  Low

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  Assorted plaque indices scale 0-5, 1-4 weeks; 247 participants (4 RCTs); Very Low. Uncertain effect on plaque short term: 2 studies (69 participants) favoured the electric toothbrush; 2 studies (178 participants)…
  4 studies · 247 participants
  Very low

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes gingival inflammation (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD -0.28 [-0.90, 0.34]
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Daily toothbrushing by a dental student vs Twice-weekly or once-weekly toothbrushing by a dental student

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  Daily vs twice-weekly or once-weekly toothbrushing by dental students. Buccal and labial Loe & Silness index, mean 21 days; 80 participants (1 RCT); Low. Brushing daily most likely reduced gingival inflammation more…
  1 study · 80 participants
  Low

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Bar attachment system

It is very uncertain whether ball (stud) attachment system changes re-treatment: replacement of attachment system (short term) compared with bar attachment system (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  RR 1.18 [0.38, 3.71]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Very low

EMP + CAF vs CAF

EMP + CAF led to higher keratinized tissue width change (short and medium term) compared with CAF; GRADE not reported.

• Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short and medium term (6 to 24 months)
  MD 0.40 [0.17, 0.62]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

EMP + CAF vs CAF

EMP + CAF led to higher gingival recession depth change (short and medium term) compared with CAF; GRADE not reported.

• Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short and medium term (6 to 24 months)
  MD 0.32 [0.10, 0.55]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Bar attachment system

It is very uncertain whether ball (stud) attachment system changes re-treatment: repair of attachment system (short term) compared with bar attachment system (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  RR 3.11 [1.68, 5.75]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Very low

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Bar attachment system

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  Considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). Pooling of data was not done. See comment / See comment
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Very low

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Telescopic attachment system

It is very uncertain whether ball (stud) attachment system changes prosthodontic maintenance: patrix replaced (short term) compared with telescopic attachment system (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  RR 6.00 [0.86, 41.96]
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Telescopic attachment system

It is very uncertain whether ball (stud) attachment system changes prosthodontic maintenance: matrix activated (short term) compared with telescopic attachment system (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  RR 11.00 [0.68, 177.72]
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Telescopic attachment system

It is very uncertain whether ball (stud) attachment system changes prosthodontic maintenance: reline of implant overdenture (short term) compared with telescopic attachment system (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  RR 2.33 [0.81, 6.76]
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Ball (stud) attachment system vs Telescopic attachment system

It is very uncertain whether ball (stud) attachment system changes prosthodontic maintenance: matrix replaced (short term) compared with telescopic attachment system (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (1 to 3 years)
  RR 1.75 [0.71, 4.31]
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

EMP + CAF vs CAF

EMP + CAF led to higher clinical attachment level change (short and medium term) compared with CAF; GRADE not reported.

• Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short and medium term (6 to 24 months)
  MD 0.35 [0.09, 0.61]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported