What do systematic reviews say?

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether slow shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with rapid shock wave lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.25 [1.16, 4.36]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether slow shock wave lithotripsy changes secondary procedures compared with rapid shock wave lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.11, 1.28]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab probably leads to lower time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.59, 0.9]
  1 study · 542 participants
  Moderate

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab may leads to higher quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 9.05 [4.61, 13.5]
  1 study · 519 participants
  Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab probably leads to higher response rate (partial and complete response) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85 [1.24, 2.77]
  1 study · 542 participants
  Moderate

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.24, 3.79]
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse event compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.39, 1.1]
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab may leads to lower serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low