Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

202 questions · 203 findings · 3 reviews · Schizophrenia · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 86 · 42.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.5%Very low 85 · 41.9%Low 23 · 11.3%Moderate 8 · 3.9%High 0 · 0%

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional… compared with COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs chlorpromazine

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more that 1 injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL probably leads to higher repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs RISPERIDONE

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional benzodiazepine · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 3 injections · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 3 injections compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs ARIPIPRAZOLE

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL may leads to lower repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs lorazepam

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation more than 1 injection compared with BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Global state: non‐responders to the first injection · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) showed no clear difference in global state: non‐responders to the first injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only reported if occurred in ≥ 5% of people) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Adverse effects: movement disorders ‐ EPS during 24 hours (only reported if occurred in ≥ 5% of people) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: movement disorders ‐ EPS during 24 hours (only… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs OLANZAPINE

Specific behaviour: Agitation ‐ clinically important change (PANSS ‐EC reduction ≥ 40% from baseline) ‐ up to 2 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) may leads to lower specific behaviour: Agitation ‐ clinically important change (PANSS… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: one or more adverse effects during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse effects during 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review