What do systematic reviews say?

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (surface of erosive lesions) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -0.50 [-1.39, 0.39]
  1 study · 12 participants
  GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Table 3 (Side-effects). Passeron 2007: 1% pimecrolimus well-tolerated, transient burning (2) during the first 2 weeks. Swift 2005: pimecrolimus - slight burning of the tip of the tongue after applying 1% pimecrolimus…
  3 studies · 52 participants
  GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

1% pimecrolimus cream led to higher physician Global Assessment (strong improvement) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 7.00 [1.04, 46.95]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention vs Placebo, no treatment, or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of treatments of genital ELP; no evidence was found for genital ELP.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study (Passeron 2007) assessed participant global self-assessment on a 5-point scale: 5/6 participants in the 1% pimecrolimus group rated their improvement as moderate or important versus 1/6 in the placebo group…
  1 study · 12 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fluocinonide in adhesive base vs placebo

Fluocinonide in adhesive base showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (clinical signs, complete response) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 4.67 [0.24, 88.96]
  1 study · 27 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of treatments of genital ELP; thus, this outcome was not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in complete clinical response (complete clearance) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 3.50 [0.95, 12.90]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  In Passeron 2007 (n=12), all participants who improved during treatment relapsed within 1 month of ceasing treatment.
  1 study · 12 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (weighted sums of ulceration, erythema,… compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -56.57 [-134.02, 20.88]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention vs Placebo, no treatment, or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies involved oesophageal disease; hence, no evidence was found for the treatment of oesophageal ELP.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Aloe vera gel vs placebo

Aloe vera gel showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 2.64 [0.11, 61.54]
  1 study · 45 participants
  GRADE not reported

Aloe vera gel vs placebo

Aloe vera gel led to higher partial response (>=50% clinical improvement) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 19.25 [2.83, 130.85]
  1 study · 45 participants
  GRADE not reported

Aloe vera gel vs placebo

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Table 3 (Side-effects). Choonhakarn 2008: no serious side-effects; 2 participants receiving aloe vera gel reported stinging and mild itching at lesions within the first week, symptoms spontaneously disappeared with…
  1 study · 45 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in pain reduction (VAS) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -3.30 [-20.22, 13.62]
  2 studies · 32 participants
  GRADE not reported

Ciclosporin rinse vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Table 3 (Side-effects). Eisen 1990: no adverse side-effects; transient burning sensation of mucosal surfaces during swishing of medication reported in all participants.
  1 study · 8 participants
  GRADE not reported

Ciclosporin rinse vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Ciclosporin rinse led to lower physician Global Assessment (severity of disease) compared with placebo (vehicle); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -1.40 [-1.86, -0.94]
  1 study · 8 participants
  GRADE not reported