Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

57 questions · 61 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 3 · 4.9%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.6%Very low 1 · 1.6%Low 23 · 37.7%Moderate 25 · 41%High 8 · 13.1%

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Migraine frequency Number of attacks · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Duration of attacks per day (minutes) · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Severity of Raynaud's attack · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Patient global · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to higher improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 8.59 [3.95, 18.72]
4 studies · 282 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 509 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
3 studies · 492 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Physical functioning component of health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 267 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 387 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Cardiac output · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 310 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 303 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.55, 1.6]
1 study · 244 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 36 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.19 [0.74, 13.64]
2 studies · 272 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Quality of life Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire (higher scores indicate better quality of life) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 880 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low