Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

56 questions · 56 findings · 8 reviews · Musculoskeletal · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 16 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 5.4%Very low 11 · 19.6%Low 20 · 35.7%Moderate 6 · 10.7%High 0 · 0%

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Pain on movement at 24 hours Visual analogue scale Scale from zero to 10

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 577 participants
Moderate

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Functional outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 611 participants
Moderate

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Global assessment of treatment success

Knee replacement with tourniquet showed no clear difference in global assessment of success Participants reporting overall… compared with knee replacement without tourniquet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.91, 1.1]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Health‐related quality of life (mental)

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 199 participants
Low

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Serious adverse events

Knee replacement with tourniquet probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with knee replacement without tourniquet (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.73 [1.1, 2.73]
21 studies · 1799 participants
Moderate

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Cognitive function

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Survival of the implant Risk of revision At 1 year

It is very uncertain whether knee replacement with tourniquet changes survival of the implant Risk of revision At 1 year compared with knee replacement without tourniquet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.44 [0.23, 8.92]
3 studies · 214 participants
Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Blood lossTime point: mean 48 hours, range 1 to 13 days. Higher blood loss indicates a worse outcome. · people undergoing total knee replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 956 participants
Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Pain at post‐operative day 2Scale from 0 (best) to 10 (worst). · people undergoing total knee replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 530 participants
Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Transfusion rate · people undergoing total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes transfusion rate compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.13 [0.04, 109.63]
2 studies · 91 participants
Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Range of motion at discharge Scale from: 0 to 125. · people undergoing total knee replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 174 participants
Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Function Standardised scale with positive score indicating a better outcome. Scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). · people undergoing total knee replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 296 participants
Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Adverse events Adverse events included discomfort, local skin reactions, superficial infections, cold induced injuries and thrombolytic events · people undergoing total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes total adverse eventsAdverse events included discomfort, local skin… compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.53, 3.2]
16 studies · 1199 participants
Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people undergoing total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.71 [0.42, 17.38]
19 studies · 1347 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Knee surgery (replacement or osteotomy)Last · people with degenerative knee disease (osteoarthritis including degenerative meniscal tears)

The intervention showed no clear difference in knee surgery (replacement or osteotomy)Last (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee disease (osteoarthritis including degenerative meniscal tears) 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.63 [0.94, 7.34]
4 studies · 864 participants
Low

Preoperative education vs usual care

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · hip replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 227 participants
Low

Preoperative education vs usual care

Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · patients with knee replacement surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 109 participants
Low

Preoperative education vs usual care

Global assessment of treatment success · patients with knee replacement surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Preoperative education vs usual care

Postoperative anxiety · patients with knee replacement surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · patients with knee replacement surgery

Preoperative education showed no clear difference in total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.29, 1.66]
1 study · 115 participants
Low