Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

149 questions · 157 findings · 43 reviews · Airways · Headline outcomes only

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 4 · 2.5%GRADE not reported 6 · 3.8%Very low 10 · 6.4%Low 71 · 45.2%Moderate 48 · 30.6%High 18 · 11.5%

Positional therapy vs inactive control

Sleep quality Assessed by average duration of slow‐wave and REM sleep periods · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

Positional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Sleep quality Assessed by average duration of slow‐wave and REM sleep periods · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 13 participants
Low

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.99 [0.57, 1.72]
7 studies · 4937 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.23 [0.84, 1.81]
22 studies · 18538 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.77 [0.62, 0.97]
5 studies · 2488 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.78 [0.55, 1.12]
6 studies · 2898 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.54 [0.95, 2.49]
10 studies · 8252 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.86 [0.65, 1.14]
6 studies · 4315 participants
Moderate

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.63 [0.24, 1.66]
1 study · 623 participants
Low

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.05 [0.32, 29.47]
1 study · 623 participants
Low

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 5.82 [0.7, 48.8]
2 studies · 885 participants
Low

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
6 studies · 6689 participants
Moderate

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.06 [0.9, 1.24]
6 studies · 6482 participants
High

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS leads to higher pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.64 [1.25, 2.14]
6 studies · 6705 participants
High

LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.92 [0.79, 1.07]
5 studies · 4567 participants
Moderate

LAMA vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.64 [0.36, 1.13]
4 studies · 3320 participants
Low

LAMA vs LABA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.01 [0.61, 1.69]
10 studies · 11338 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.66 [0.27, 1.63]
4 studies · 2860 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.43 [0.19, 0.97]
7 studies · 5395 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.93 [0.66, 1.3]
8 studies · 5192 participants
Low