Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

354 questions · 360 findings · 26 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer

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No studies found 100 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 35 · 9.7%Very low 95 · 26.4%Low 82 · 22.8%Moderate 35 · 9.7%High 13 · 3.6%

Exercise vs usual care

Aerobic exercise tolerance (all cancers: 8 to 12 weeks of

3 findings from 1 review

Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 604 participants
Low
Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 201 participants
Low
Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 357 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Aerobic exercise tolerance (all cancers: 6 months)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 591 participants
Low

Exercise vs usual care

Aerobic exercise tolerance (breast cancer: 8‐12 weeks of

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 441 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Aerobic exercise tolerance (all cancers: home‐based exercise: 8 to 12 weeks of

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 155 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Aerobic exercise tolerance (all cancers:supervised exercise: 8 to 12 weeks of

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 92 participants
Very low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Elemental diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Mean GI symptom scores (IBDQ‐B) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 2+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.45, 1.38]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

QoL · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in QOL scores (IBDQ) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.6
1 study · 50 participants
Low
Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 119 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 2.4
1 study · 76 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Lactose‐restricted diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea (grade 1+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 1+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.45, 1.23]
1 study · 119 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

High‐fibre diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Low‐fibre diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Low‐fat diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Prebiotic diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

All intervention options · people with first recurrence of glioblastoma Interventions: bevacizumab (BEV), BEV + lomustine (LOM), regorafenib (REG), fotemustine…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment options for progression or recurrence of glioblastoma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

BEV+IRI (1 RCT, 79 participants) · people with any recurrence of glioblastoma Interventions: bevacizumab (BEV) Comparison: bevacizumab 9BEV), BEV+carboplatin (CAB),…

The intervention leads to higher BEV+IRI (1 RCT, 79 participants) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment options for progression or recurrence of glioblastoma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.22 [1.19, 4.18]
1 study · 79 participants
High