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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

22 questions · 22 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 3 · 13.6%GRADE not reported 2 · 9.1%Very low 1 · 4.5%Low 10 · 45.5%Moderate 6 · 27.3%High 0 · 0%

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall survival (OS) · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Progression‐free survival · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to lower progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall response rate (ORR), · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to higher overall response rate (ORR) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Grades 3 and 4 adverse events · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to lower adverse Events grade 3‐4 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

QoL · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to higher QOL‐C30 GHS/QOL (range 0‐100) ‐ change from baseline to week 15 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall survival (OS) · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall Survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Grades 3 and 4 adverse events · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed no clear difference in adverse Events grade 3 to 4 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Time to death from any cause Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in time to death from any cause Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Time to progression · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether immune checkpoint inhibitors changes time to disease progression Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may leads to lower discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors probably leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review