Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

30 questions · 30 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 3 · 10%GRADE not reported 5 · 16.7%Very low 18 · 60%Low 4 · 13.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Heparin plus aspirin vs aspirin

Adverse events in the mother ‐ Bleeding · women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss

Heparin plus aspirin showed no clear difference in adverse events in the mother ‐ Bleeding compared with aspirin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin plus aspirin vs aspirin

Preterm delivery of a live infant · women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss

It is very uncertain whether heparin plus aspirin changes preterm delivery of a live infant compared with aspirin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin plus aspirin vs aspirin

Intrauterine growth restriction · women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss

It is very uncertain whether heparin plus aspirin changes intrauterine growth restriction compared with aspirin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic thromboembolic events ( · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic thromboembolic events ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic PE · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic PE ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic DVT · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic DVT ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic thromboembolic events ( · women giving birth by elective or emergency caesarean (elective only (1 trial), emergency or elective (4 trials))

It is very uncertain whether peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic thromboembolic events (timing of assessment unclear,… compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic PE · women giving birth by elective or emergency caesarean (elective only (1 trial), emergency or elective (4 trials))

It is very uncertain whether peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic PE (timing of assessment unclear, within 6 weeks… compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review