What do systematic reviews say?

First‐line chemotherapy vs BSC

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 65 participants
  Very low

First‐line chemotherapy vs BSC

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 65 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.92 [0.8, 1.05]
  10 studies · 3843 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.9 [0.78, 1.04]
  11 studies · 4014 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall response rate Duration of compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.24 [1, 1.55]
  11 studies · 3723 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy probably leads to higher adverse event (any) Duration of compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.23 [1.27, 3.92]
  5 studies · 2290 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy probably leads to higher severe adverse event (grade ≥ 3 ) Duration of compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.19 [1.03, 1.37]
  8 studies · 3800 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher failure of first‐line therapy (moderate certainty).

• First‐line chemotherapy in low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.55 [1.81, 6.95]
  6 studies · 577 participants
  Moderate

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors may leads to higher progression‐free survival: first‐line trials ( compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.43 [1.06, 1.93]
  1 study · 231 participants
  Low

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors showed no clear difference in overall survival: first‐line trials ( compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.32 [0.98, 1.78]
  1 study · 231 participants
  Low

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors showed no clear difference in objective response rate: first‐line trial compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.75, 1.17]
  1 study · 231 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower overall survival (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.55, 0.96]
  2 studies · 542 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 542 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 542 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher quality of life (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.18 [0.05, 0.25]
  1 study · 141 participants
  Low

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.68 [0.6, 0.76]
  6 studies · 2111 participants
  Moderate

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to lower progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.68 [0.51, 0.88]
  5 studies · 1886 participants
  Low

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to higher overall response rate (ORR) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4 [1.12, 1.75]
  4 studies · 1672 participants
  Low