Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

270 questions · 272 findings · 19 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 75 · 27.6%GRADE not reported 51 · 18.8%Very low 80 · 29.4%Low 56 · 20.6%Moderate 10 · 3.7%High 0 · 0%

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation probably leads to higher cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with no active treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with pelvic floor muscle training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation may leads to higher improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with no active treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with PFMT plus vaginal cones (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review