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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

23 questions · 24 findings · 5 reviews · Neonatal · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 8 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 4 · 16.7%Very low 2 · 8.3%Low 6 · 25%Moderate 4 · 16.7%High 0 · 0%

Comparison 1: antibiotic alone or antibiotic with other newborn care interventions vs usual care

Neonatal mortality · neonates with sepsis

Comparison 1: antibiotic alone or antibiotic with other newborn care… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality ‐ antibiotics alone compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

5c. Moderate‐to‐severe neurodevelopmental disability or intellectual impairment after 2 years of age – doxapram as an adjunct to methylxanthine compared to methylxanthine alone for the treatment of apnea · treatment of apnea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

5c. Moderate‐to‐severe neurodevelopmental disability or intellectual impairment after 2 years of age – doxapram as an adjunct to methylxanthine compared to methylxanthine alone for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · prevention of reintubation

It is very uncertain whether doxapram changes 6c. Side effects causing cessation of therapy – doxapram as an… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Treatment of clinical and electrographic seizures vs treatment of clinical seizures alone

Mortality before hospital discharge · neonates

Summary of findings table ‐ Treatment of clinical and electrographic… showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with treatment of clinical seizures alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Treatment of clinical and electrographic seizures vs treatment of clinical seizures alone

Proportion of infants who develop epilepsy post‐discharge · neonates

Summary of findings table ‐ Treatment of clinical and electrographic… showed no clear difference in proportion of infants who develop epilepsy post‐discharge compared with treatment of clinical seizures alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Risk of invasive Infection · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in risk of invasive Infection compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Neonatal mortality · neonates with fast breathing alone

Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review