Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

18 questions · 18 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 7 · 38.9%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 5.6%Low 3 · 16.7%Moderate 5 · 27.8%High 2 · 11.1%

Drape vs no drape

Metritis · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether drape changes metritis compared with no drape (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [0.29, 9.16]
1 study · 79 participants
Very low

Drape vs no drape

Length of stay · women undergoing caesarean section

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 603 participants
Moderate

Drape vs no drape

Adverse events (maternal or neonatal) · women undergoing caesarean section

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Drape vs no drape

Surgical site infection · women undergoing caesarean section

Drape showed no clear difference in surgical site infection compared with no drape (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.97, 1.71]
3 studies · 1373 participants
Low

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Maternal postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 24–48 hours postpartum) · women undergoing vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Severe morbidity · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in severe morbidity compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.48, 1.39]
1 study · 2999 participants
Moderate

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women undergoing vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Blood transfusion · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in blood transfusion compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.46, 1.46]
1 study · 5561 participants
Moderate

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Use of plasma expanders · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in use of plasma expanders compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.42]
1 study · 3122 participants
Moderate

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Use of therapeutic uterotonics · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in use of therapeutic uterotonics compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.42, 1.76]
1 study · 593 participants
Moderate

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using visual estimation

Maternal infection · women undergoing vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct measurement using calibrated drapes leads to higher blood loss ≥ 500 mL compared with indirect estimation using gravimetric technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.86 [1.11, 3.11]
1 study · 900 participants
High

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Blood transfusion · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct measurement using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in blood transfusion compared with indirect estimation using gravimetric technique (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.06, 15.94]
1 study · 900 participants
Low

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Use of plasma expanders · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct measurement using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in use of plasma expanders compared with indirect estimation using gravimetric technique (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.19, 2.35]
1 study · 900 participants
Low

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Use of therapeutic uterotonics · women undergoing vaginal birth

Direct measurement using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in use of therapeutic uterotonics compared with indirect estimation using gravimetric technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.9, 1.13]
1 study · 900 participants
High

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Maternal infection · women undergoing vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Maternal postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 24–48 hours postpartum) · women undergoing vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Direct estimation using calibrated drapes vs indirect estimation using gravimetric technique

Severe morbidity · women undergoing vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found