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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

77 questions · 77 findings · 3 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 32 · 41.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 3.9%Very low 15 · 19.5%Low 16 · 20.8%Moderate 8 · 10.4%High 3 · 3.9%

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Perception of improvement or cure · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in subjective cure or improvement: patient‐reported as defined by the… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Disease‐specific quality of life · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in condition‐specific quality of life: using validated questionnaires,… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Adherence · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes participant adherence to the intervention: as reported by the… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

QoL · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in general quality of life: > 6 to 12 months compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events:… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment;

Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback showed no clear difference in number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months compared with no treatment; (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs other active intervention

Number of incontinent men within 6 to 12 months ‐ FES versus ExMI · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

It is very uncertain whether treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment changes number of incontinent men within 6 to 12 months ‐ FES versus ExMI compared with another active treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs other active intervention

Adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone compared with another active treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review