Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

15 questions · 15 findings · 2 reviews

No studies found 4 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 1 · 6.7%Very low 3 · 20%Low 3 · 20%Moderate 3 · 20%High 1 · 6.7%

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Perception of improvement or cure · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in subjective cure or improvement: patient‐reported as defined by the… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Disease‐specific quality of life · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in condition‐specific quality of life: using validated questionnaires,… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Adherence · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes participant adherence to the intervention: as reported by the… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

QoL · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in general quality of life: > 6 to 12 months compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events:… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

Number of incontinent men ‐ within 3 to 6 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

It is very uncertain whether treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments changes number of incontinent men with 3 to 6 months compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

Adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review