Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

34 questions · 57 findings · 2 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 4 · 7%GRADE not reported 4 · 7%Very low 30 · 52.6%Low 14 · 24.6%Moderate 5 · 8.8%High 0 · 0%

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other types of alarm (very low certainty).

8 findings from 1 review
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Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus control alarm · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus… compared with other types of alarm (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children dry at compared with other types of alarm (very low certainty).

7 findings from 1 review
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Alarm vs control or no treatment

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm may leads to higher proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with control or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs other behavioural interventions

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with desmopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children with adverse events · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm probably leads to lower proportion of children with adverse events compared with desmopressin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with tricyclics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review