Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

100 questions · 102 findings · 5 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 49 · 48%GRADE not reported 2 · 2%Very low 28 · 27.5%Low 15 · 14.7%Moderate 7 · 6.9%High 1 · 1%

Acupuncture vs sham control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 325 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes use of pharmacological analgesia compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.6, 0.85]
6 studies · 1059 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in assisted vaginal birth compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.7, 1.24]
6 studies · 1217 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Caesarean section · pain management in labour

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.47, 1.09]
5 studies · 861 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · pain management in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Satisfaction with pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Use of pharmacological pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs sham control

Satisfaction with pain relief · pain management in labour

Acupuncture probably leads to higher satisfaction with pain relief in labour compared with sham control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.38 [1.78, 3.19]
1 study · 150 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.18, 1.38]
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs no treatment

Caesarean section · pain management in labour

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes caesarean section compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.35, 1.63]
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs water injection

Pain intensity none of the studies reported on this outcome · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs water injection

Satisfaction with pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs water injection

Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs water injection

Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs water injection

Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes use of pharmacological analgesia compared with water injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.3]
1 study · 128 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs water injection

Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with water injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.6 [0.47, 5.39]
1 study · 128 participants
Very low