Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

192 questions · 196 findings · 21 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 48 · 24.5%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.6%Very low 80 · 40.8%Low 38 · 19.4%Moderate 16 · 8.2%High 9 · 4.6%

Enhanced recovery protocol vs usual care

Serious adverse events (proportion) · people with major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether enhanced recovery protocol changes serious adverse events (proportion) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enhanced recovery protocol vs usual care

Serious adverse events (number) · people with major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether enhanced recovery protocol changes serious adverse events (number) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enhanced recovery protocol vs usual care

Adverse events mild adverse events · people with major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

Enhanced recovery protocol may leads to lower mild adverse events (proportion) compared with standard care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review