Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

Vitamin C vs placebo

Incidence of pneumonia Defined as patient admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes incidence of pneumonia Defined as patient admitted to hospital with… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C vs placebo

Adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting urticaria (hives) Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of women requiring rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours… compared with another NSAID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review