Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ bowel resection (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ bowel… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for initial treatment in advanced… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.3, 0.79]
4 studies · 1565 participants
Moderate

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative G3+ events (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for initial treatment in advanced… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.13, 0.38]
2 studies · 435 participants
Moderate

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related postoperative mortality (28 days to 6 months of surgery4) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) leads to lower surgically‐related postoperative mortality (28 days to 6 months of… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for initial treatment in advanced… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.06, 0.46]
5 studies · 1623 participants
High

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

EORTC QLQ‐C30 QoL at 6 months ‐ global health · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for initial treatment in advanced… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 524 participants
Very low

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Change in cramp frequency (cramps per night) (after 6 weeks) · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Very low

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Change in cramp severity (0 to 10 VAS; higher = worse pain) (after 6 weeks) · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Proportion of participants experiencing cramps · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Health‐related quality of life · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Quality of sleep · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Activities of daily living · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Adverse events · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Moderate

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Change in cramp severity (0 to 10 VAS; higher = worse pain) (after 6 weeks) · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Low

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Proportion of participants experiencing cramps · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Health‐related quality of life · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Quality of sleep · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

Activities of daily living · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Cramp frequency (number of cramps in preceding week) (after 6 weeks) · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

Adverse events · older adults with lower limb muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Very low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Mortality before hospital discharge · patients with ALI and ARDS

High levels of PEEP showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with low levels of PEEP (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.04]
7 studies · 3640 participants
Moderate

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

Oxygen efficiency (PaO2/FiO2) day 1 postoperative · patients with ALI and ARDS

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2594 participants
Low