Intervention not reported
Adverse (unintended) outcomes  · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Anxiety · individuals with any cancer at any stage
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Depression · individuals with any cancer at any stage
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fatigue · individuals with any cancer at any stage
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Emotional distress · individuals with any cancer at any stage
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Other outcomes included uncertainty, pain, sexually related symptoms, dyspnoea, and general symptoms. Data for any of these outcomes were not pooled due to considerable heterogeneity across all aspects. Magnitudes of effect were not reported · individuals with any cancer at any stage
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 participants
Very low
Abstinence · people who smoke
Text messaging probably leads to higher long‐term abstinence (all randomised) compared with minimal support (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Long‐term abstinence (all randomised) Measured as self‐reported and biochemical validation at 6 to 12 months · people who smoke
The intervention probably leads to higher long‐term abstinence (all randomised) Measured as self‐reported and… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events or complications of treatment
It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Second procedures
It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes second procedures compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events or complications of treatment
Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to lower serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary procedures
Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to higher secondary procedures compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events or complications of treatments
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatments compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary procedures
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes secondary procedures compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events or complications of treatment
It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events or complications of treatment — not reported
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Secondary procedures
1 finding from 1 review