Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,209 questions · 2,322 findings · 227 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 644 · 27.7%GRADE not reported 135 · 5.8%Very low 591 · 25.5%Low 582 · 25.1%Moderate 309 · 13.3%High 61 · 2.6%

Massage vs inactive control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 615 participants
Very low

Massage vs inactive control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 725 participants
Low

Massage vs inactive control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Long‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 615 participants
Very low

Massage vs inactive control

Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 624 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 964 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 757 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 618 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Long‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 616 participants
Very low

CBT vs active control

Remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT analysis) i.e. no longer meeting criteria for DSM or ICD anxiety diagnosis at the end of the trial. · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

CBT showed no clear difference in remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT) analysis i.e. no longer meeting… compared with active controls (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.51 [0.77, 2.96]
6 studies · 426 participants
Moderate

CBT vs active control

Reduction in anxiety symptoms (parent report) post‐treatment · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 411 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo

Remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg probably leads to higher remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.25 [1.5, 3.39]
3 studies · 900 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg showed no clear difference in endoscopic improvement compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.73, 1.27]
2 studies · 440 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Histologic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg showed no clear difference in histologic remission compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [0.63, 2.4]
2 studies · 440 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.21, 1.91]
2 studies · 512 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether budesonide MMX® 6 mg changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.97, 1.32]
2 studies · 512 participants
Very low

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.55, 2.22]
2 studies · 512 participants
Low

Budesonide 10 mg vs prednisolone

Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide 10 mg showed no clear difference in endoscopic improvement compared with prednisolone 40 mg (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.66, 1.33]
1 study · 72 participants
Low

Budesonide 10 mg vs prednisolone

Endoscopic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether budesonide 10 mg changes endoscopic remission compared with prednisolone 40 mg (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.23, 2.42]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Budesonide 10 mg vs prednisolone

Histologic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether budesonide 10 mg changes histologic remission compared with prednisolone 40 mg (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.15, 2.06]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Budesonide 10 mg vs prednisolone

Adverse event ‐ Reduction in plasma cortisol below lower reference limit · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether budesonide 10 mg changes adverse event ‐ Reduction in plasma cortisol below lower reference… compared with prednisolone 40 mg (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.02 [0, 0.3]
1 study · 67 participants
Very low