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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,973 questions · 3,072 findings · 410 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 559 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 143 · 4.7%Very low 654 · 21.3%Low 833 · 27.1%Moderate 683 · 22.2%High 200 · 6.5%

Intervention not reported

Cramp frequency (responder analysis: 25% or better reduction at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp frequency (responder analysis: 25% or better reduction at 4… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cramp frequency (mean number of cramps per week on treatment at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp frequency (mean number of cramps per week on treatment at 4… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cramp duration (≥ 1 minute at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp duration (≥ 1 minute at 4 weeks) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse events · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes major adverse events (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in minor adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review