Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

212 questions · 213 findings · 13 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 87 · 40.8%GRADE not reported 31 · 14.6%Very low 34 · 16%Low 34 · 16%Moderate 25 · 11.7%High 2 · 0.9%

PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women cured · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to electrical stimulation changes number of women cured compared with electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to vaginal cones vs vaginal cones alone

Objective measure of urine leakage (pad test) · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to vaginal cones changes objective measure of urine leakage (pad test) compared with vaginal cones alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs continence pessary alone

Number of women whose incontinence was improved or cured ‐ · women with urinary incontinence

PFMT added to continence pessary showed no clear difference in number of women cured or improved (subjective) at 12 months compared with continence pessary alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review