Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

407 questions · 412 findings · 45 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 137 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 8 · 1.9%Very low 129 · 31.3%Low 88 · 21.4%Moderate 47 · 11.4%High 3 · 0.7%

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectional nicardipine vs Normal saline

Treatment‐related adverse effects · men with chronic Peyronie's disease (plaques without calcification)

It is very uncertain whether injectional nicardipine changes treatment‐related adverse effects compared with saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review