Colon cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colon cancer: OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.35), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.88 [0.57, 1.35]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Falls · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Falls, Older adults: OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.11), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.97 [0.84, 1.11]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
RAR 0.55 [0.19, 1.64]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
RAR 1.14 [1.03, 1.27]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Head circumference at birth: WMD 0.43 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.79), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.43 [0.06, 0.79]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Low birthweight · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low birth weight: RR 0.4 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.71), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
1 finding from 1 review
Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Aggressive prostate cancer: OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.17), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Alkaline phosphatase · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Alkaline phosphatase: WMD -27.35 (95% CI -50.69 to -4.01), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Gestational diabetes: OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Fracture · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures, Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women: RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.09), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Bone mineral density in forearm · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in forearm, Community-dwelling adults: WMD -0.70 (95% CI -1.70 to 0.40), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -0.70 [-1.70, 0.40]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Prostate cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.14), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Kidney cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Kidney cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.58), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Fracture · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.31 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.42) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in hip, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 0.70 (95% CI -0.10 to 1.60), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.70 [-0.10, 1.60]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Parathyroidectomy · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Parathyroidectomy: RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.05 to 12.47), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low density lipoprotein: WMD 3.23 (95% CI 0.55 to 5.9), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 3.23 [0.55, 5.9]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
CVD · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Cardiovascular disease: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.05), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.05]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · children
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in lumbar spine, Healthy children: SMD 0.15 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.31), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 0.15 [-0.01, 0.31]
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Hip Fracture · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: hip, Men aged >65 years and postmenopausal women: RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.33), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review