Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

374 questions · 377 findings · 63 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 88 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 32 · 8.5%Very low 92 · 24.4%Low 103 · 27.3%Moderate 50 · 13.3%High 12 · 3.2%

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Perinatal mortality · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in perinatal death compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Preterm birth · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Small‐for‐gestational age · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented vs standard antenatal care visits

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · Pregnant women at low risk of complications

Reduced number of antenatal care visits/goal‐oriented showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with standard antenatal care visits (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High feedback vs low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound

Maternal anxiety · Pregnant women undergoing routine ultrasound during pregnancy

High feedback showed no clear difference in maternal anxiety ‐ throughout pregnancy compared with low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

High feedback vs low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound

Cessation of alcohol · Pregnant women undergoing routine ultrasound during pregnancy

High feedback may leads to higher cessation of alcohol compared with low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High feedback vs low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound

Smoking cessation · Pregnant women undergoing routine ultrasound during pregnancy

High feedback may leads to higher cessation of smoking compared with low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High feedback vs low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound

Women's views of level of feedback · Pregnant women undergoing routine ultrasound during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether high feedback changes women's views of level of feedback compared with low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose vaginal misoprostol

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

It is very uncertain whether balloon (Foley or ATAD) changes serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with low‐dose vaginal misoprostol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to higher vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review