What do systematic reviews say?

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Worthington 2001: few children had problems identifying foods containing sugar; only 15% of intervention and 19% of control participants reported routinely consuming sugary snacks on arriving home from school; snacking…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Worthington 2001 reported children's brushing frequency: almost all children (99%) at baseline reported twice daily brushing, and this level was maintained across all groups throughout the intervention (in baseline…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Mixed beam (neutron and photon) radiotherapy vs Conventional photon radiotherapy

Mixed beam (neutron and photon) radiotherapy showed no clear difference in locoregional control compared with conventional photon radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 1.04 [0.84, 1.29]
  1 study · 327 participants
  GRADE not reported

Altered fractionation radiotherapy (hyperfractionated and/or accelerated) vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

Hyperfractionated/accelerated radiotherapy led to lower locoregional control compared with conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.99]
  4 studies · 1071 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.79 [0.70, 0.89]
  11 studies
  GRADE not reported

Accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant boost vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Accelerated/boost vs conventional, locoregional control: IPD from one trial (Fu 2000); a statistically significant difference in favour of the accelerated schedule with boost was shown (Analysis 1.2). No numeric…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Low dose rate interstitial radiotherapy vs High dose rate interstitial radiotherapy

Low dose rate interstitial radiotherapy showed no clear difference in locoregional control compared with high dose rate interstitial radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 1.00 [0.16, 6.44]
  1 study · 59 participants
  GRADE not reported

Hyperfractionated/accelerated split-course radiotherapy vs Accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant boost

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Hyperfractionated/accelerated split course vs accelerated boost (Fu 1995, feasibility study, 75 participants): authors report no significant difference in total mortality; data not presented in a way that allows…
  1 study · 75 participants
  GRADE not reported

Altered fractionation radiotherapy (hyperfractionated and/or accelerated) vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

Altered fractionation radiotherapy (hyperfractionated and/or… showed no clear difference in disease free survival compared with conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.85 [0.70, 1.03]
  8 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Hyperfractionated/accelerated vs conventional, disease free survival: one trial (Poulsen 2001); no statistically significant difference (Analysis 1.3). No pooled estimate.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Neutron radiotherapy vs Conventional photon radiotherapy

Neutron radiotherapy showed no clear difference in disease free survival compared with conventional photon radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years
  RR 0.63 [0.36, 1.09]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy led to lower locoregional control compared with conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.74 [0.62, 0.89]
  3 studies · 966 participants
  GRADE not reported

Accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant boost vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

Accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant boost showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.95 [0.80, 1.13]
  3 studies · 1203 participants
  GRADE not reported

Accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant boost vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Accelerated/boost vs conventional, disease free survival: all four trials provided data; pooled estimate showed a statistically significant difference in favour of the accelerated/boost schedule, with statistical…
  4 studies · 1203 participants
  GRADE not reported

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs Accelerated radiotherapy

Split-course radiotherapy showed no clear difference in locoregional control compared with accelerated radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  RR 1.33 [0.67, 2.67]
  1 study · 110 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pre-operative and post-operative radiotherapy vs Post-operative radiotherapy alone

Pre-operative and post-operative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in disease free survival compared with post-operative radiotherapy alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 1.13 [0.78, 1.64]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy led to lower total mortality compared with conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.78 [0.68, 0.90]
  3 studies · 966 participants
  GRADE not reported

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs Accelerated radiotherapy

Split-course radiotherapy showed no clear difference in disease free survival compared with accelerated radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  RR 0.83 [0.29, 2.42]
  1 study · 110 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pre-operative and post-operative radiotherapy vs Post-operative radiotherapy alone

Pre-operative and post-operative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in locoregional control compared with post-operative radiotherapy alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 1.13 [0.78, 1.64]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Neutron radiotherapy vs Conventional photon radiotherapy

Neutron radiotherapy showed no clear difference in locoregional control compared with conventional photon radiotherapy; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years
  RR 0.97 [0.69, 1.36]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Altered fractionation radiotherapy (hyperfractionated and/or accelerated) vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

It is very uncertain whether altered fractionation radiotherapy (hyperfractionated and/or… changes mortality compared with conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years · All included studies
  HR 0.86 [0.76, 0.98]
  13 studies · 3751 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years · Studies at low risk of bias (sensitivity analysis)
  HR 0.93 [0.80, 1.07]
  5 studies · 1511 participants
  Moderate

Accelerated radiotherapy (no split, boost or hyperfractionation) vs Conventional (standard) fractionation radiotherapy

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: radiotherapy 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Accelerated vs conventional, total mortality: only one trial reported data (Skladowski 2006; IPD available). A statistically significant difference in favour of the altered fractionation was shown (Analysis 1.1). No…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported