Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

582 questions · 642 findings · 67 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 173 · 26.9%GRADE not reported 298 · 46.4%Very low 121 · 18.8%Low 35 · 5.5%Moderate 15 · 2.3%High 0 · 0%

Tongue depressor stretches (physiotherapy) vs Intralesional steroid plus hyaluronidase injections

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether tongue depressor stretches (physiotherapy) changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with intralesional steroid plus hyaluronidase injections (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self-etch adhesive + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether self-etch adhesive + acetone-based total-etch adhesive changes radiological failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self-etch adhesive + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether self-etch adhesive + acetone-based total-etch adhesive changes clinical failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non-rinse conditioner + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether non-rinse conditioner + acetone-based total-etch adhesive changes radiological failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mucoadhesive disk (carbomer/triglycerides + antimicrobial agents) vs Placebo disk

Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Kerr 2010 (crossover, high risk of bias): no difference in oral dryness between active and placebo disks; increase in subjective oral moistness with both, persisting up to 2 weeks after last use (likely carryover);…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive changes clinical failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive changes radiological failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Conditioning and sealing with an adhesive resin (smear-removing bonding system) vs Conventional calcium hydroxide lining

Maintenance of pulp vitality (freedom from pulpal breakdown) up to 36 months · Healthy adults with asymptomatic posterior permanent teeth with deep caries and a vital (non-exposed) pulp requiring restoration
1 finding from 1 review
  • Whitworth 2005: 602 teeth randomised; 39 emergency recalls over the 36 months after restoration, with pulp breakdown associated with 16 teeth. The authors concluded that "dentists should be confident that pulps will be…
    1 study · 602 participants
    GRADE not reported

Fixed prostheses cemented to prepared teeth after extraction or decoronation of the ankylosed teeth vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis

Outcome not reported · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic assessment, with or without…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Participant and operator perception · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Costs (direct and indirect) · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Caries (lesion) progression (radiographic) · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration):… probably leads to lower caries (lesion) progression measured by pairwise reading of… compared with non-invasive measures (e.g. fluoride varnish, flossing/oral hygiene… (moderate certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Adverse events · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…
1 finding from 1 review

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Change in decayed, missing and filled (DMF/dmf) figures at surface, tooth and whole mouth level · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Material deficiency (retention/adaptation loss; re-treatment) · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…
1 finding from 1 review

Postbiotics from Lactobacillus spp. (cell-free supernatants, biosurfactants, lipoteichoic acid, bacterial lysates) vs No prior SDF application (untreated dentin control)

Proposed inhibition of S. mutans adhesion to tooth surface (mechanism; direct adherence endpoint confirmed only in Ahn 2018) · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro

Postbiotics inhibit S. mutans adhesion to tooth surfaces in vitro (ungraded narrative synthesis).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. 2025 All outcomes
    Exposure 24 h to 7 days · Laboratory (in vitro)
    Postbiotics (mainly biosurfactants and lipoteichoic acid) interfered with S. mutans adhesion to tooth/hydroxyapatite surfaces in 5 in vitro studies; no pooled estimate.
    5 studies
    GRADE not reported

Lactobacillus-derived postbiotics vs Not specified

Virulence-gene expression related to adhesion acid production and exopolysaccharide synthesis · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro

No meta-analysis was conducted; the narrative synthesis reported reduced expression of Streptococcus mutans virulence genes.

1 finding from 1 review

E-cigarette aerosol / e-liquid exposure (flavored and unflavored; nicotine and non-nicotine) vs Unexposed controls / unflavored e-liquid / conventional cigarette smoke

Cariogenic and commensal oral bacteria (S. mutans and commensal streptococci growth, adhesion, biofilm) · Oral bacteria (streptococci), dental hard tissue (enamel/dentin) and e-liquids studied in vitro/ex vivo (with a few clinical microbiome…

Most in vitro studies indicate e-cigarette aerosol/e-liquid (especially flavored/high-concentration) disrupts normal oral flora and favors cariogenic S. mutans growth and biofilm, plausibly increasing caries risk; not pooled (ungraded, narrative).

1 finding from 1 review