Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

577 questions · 585 findings · 57 reviews

No studies found 61 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 46 · 7.9%Very low 206 · 35.2%Low 210 · 35.9%Moderate 52 · 8.9%High 10 · 1.7%

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Non‐infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in non‐ infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control

Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

It is very uncertain whether preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) changes infectious complications compared with usual care or control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

Mortality [within first 10 weeks after liver transplantation] · adult patients after liver transplantation.

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula showed no clear difference in mortality [within first 10 weeks after liver transplantation] compared with standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral nutrition with protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline

1‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation.

It is very uncertain whether parenteral nutrition with protein, fat, carbohydrates and… changes 1‐year‐survival compared with 5% dextrose and normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral nutrition with protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline

3‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation.

It is very uncertain whether parenteral nutrition with protein, fat, carbohydrates and… changes 3‐year‐survival compared with 5% dextrose and normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral nutrition with alanyl‐glutamine, protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline

1‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation.

It is very uncertain whether parenteral nutrition with alanyl‐glutamine, protein, fat,… changes 1‐year‐survival compared with 5% dextrose and normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral nutrition with alanyl‐glutamine, protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline

3‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation.

It is very uncertain whether parenteral nutrition with alanyl‐glutamine, protein, fat,… changes 3‐year‐survival compared with 5% dextrose and normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in severe IVH (grade 3 or 4) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ all infants · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in late‐onset sepsis (> 72 hours of age) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Necrotizing enterocolitis (suspected or proven) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in suspected or proven NEC compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review