What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam may leads to lower additional drugs required to terminate the seizure: 2 or more… compared with intramuscular paraldehyde (low certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.18, 0.81]
  1 study · 160 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam showed no clear difference in seizure recurrence within 24 hours compared with intramuscular paraldehyde (low certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.31, 1.71]
  1 study · 160 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam showed no clear difference in seizure cessation compared with intravenous diazepam (moderate certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.06]
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 122 participants
  High

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 52 participants
  High

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam showed no clear difference in seizure cessation: within 10 minutes compared with rectal diazepam (low certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.47 [1, 2.16]
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam showed no clear difference in additional drugs required to stop the seizure compared with rectal diazepam (low certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.1, 1.03]
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam showed no clear difference in seizure cessation: within 10 minutes compared with intramuscular paraldehyde (moderate certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.99, 1.52]
  1 study · 160 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 160 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume showed no clear difference in acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with lower bladder volume (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.22 [0.62, 7.93]
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low