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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,256 questions · 2,339 findings · 262 reviews

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No studies found 555 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 398 · 17%Very low 572 · 24.5%Low 476 · 20.4%Moderate 240 · 10.3%High 98 · 4.2%

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

Pain with aspiration – local anaesthetica,b,d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation (Renner 2016) and seven to 12 weeks' gestation (Glantz 2001)
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation (Renner 2016) and seven to 12 weeks' gestation (Glantz 2001)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review