Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Adverse events resulting from DUS surveillance · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

All‐cause mortality · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Functional walking ability · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Clinical severity scales · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Quality of life scores · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Secondary patency (24 months) · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index… showed no clear difference in vessel or graft secondary patency compared with pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.67, 1.26]
3 studies · 1092 participants
Low

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Adverse events resulting from DUS surveillance · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

All‐cause mortality · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.7, 1.74]
1 study · 594 participants
Low

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Functional walking ability · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Clinical severity scales · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Quality of life scores · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 594 participants
Low

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Limb salvage · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Secondary patency (24 months) · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.19, 3.51]
1 study · 156 participants
Low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Moderate

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Moderate

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

QoL · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Moderate

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Global assessment of efficacy ≥ 50% improvement in pain Medium‐term · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
Very low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Adverse eventsc · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
Very low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Serious adverse eventsd · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
Very low