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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Adverse events: serious adverse events ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Economic outcome ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Service use and hospitalisation: admission ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Global state: Change over time ‐ no better or deterioration ‐ short and medium term as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes global state: Change over time ‐ no better or deterioration ‐ short… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Mental state: State ‐ 'no effect' BPRS score reduction · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes mental state: State ‐ 'no effect' BPRS score reduction compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the authors · schizophrenia

Lithium as sole treatment showed no clear difference in response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · schizophrenia

Lithium showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on depressive symptoms at least 50%… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Lithium showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS improvement · schizophrenia

Lithium may leads to lower clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Kidney dysfunction outcome not available in any study · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Thyroid dysfunction outcome not available in any study · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the authors · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics may leads to higher response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS improvement · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Acceptability ‐ total dropouts · schizophrenia

Lithium as sole treatment showed no clear difference in acceptability of treatment leaving early due to any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · schizophrenia

Lithium as sole treatment showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on depressive symptoms at least 50%… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review