Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with no treatment/sham (moderate certainty).
One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (low certainty).
One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (low certainty).
One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in maternal death or serious maternal morbidity compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (low certainty).
One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (low certainty).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth compared with no treatment/sham (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in maternal death or serious maternal morbidity compared with no treatment/sham (low certainty).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity compared with no treatment/sham (low certainty).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in spontaneous onset of labour compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).
Labour induction leads to lower perinatal death (intrauterine deaths plus neonatal deaths in the… compared with expectant management (infant/child outcomes) (high certainty).
Labour induction showed no clear difference in perineal trauma (severe perineal tear) compared with expectant management (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).
Labour induction showed no clear difference in postpartum haemorrhage compared with expectant management (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).
Labour induction showed no clear difference in breastfeeding at discharge compared with expectant management (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether labour induction changes length of maternal hospital stay (days) compared with expectant management (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).
Labour induction leads to lower stillbirth compared with expectant management (infant/child outcomes) (high certainty).
Labour induction leads to lower admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with expectant management (infant/child outcomes) (high certainty).